Crocin, a natural product with anti-inflammatory, antihyperlipidemic, antidepressant and anti-apoptotic effects, can ameliorate CCl4-induced liver injury via inhibition of inflammatory cytokines, caspase3 and oxidative stress along with modulation of liver metabolizing enzymes favoring elimination of CCl4 toxic metabolite, it's isolated and purified from the stigma of Crocus sativus L..
Crocin II is isolated from the fruit of Gardenia jasminoides with antioxidant, anticancer, and antidepressant activity. Crocin II inhibits NO production with an IC50 value of 31.1 μM. Crocin II suppresses the expressions of protein and m-RNA of iNOS and COX-2[2]. Crocin (40 mg/kg) exhibited the most efficient therapeutic function on CIA (collagen-induced arthritis)rats: the histological scores of joint inflammation, bone erosion, chondrocyte death, cartilage surface erosion, and bone erosion of CIA rats receiving 40 mg/kg crocin treatment were comparable to the normal rats. Moreover, crocin could also inhibit the expression of TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6 and CXCL8 in serum and ankle tissues of CIA rats[3]. Crocin protected the rat IVDs (intervertebral disc) from the LPS-induced depletion of the ECM (extracellular matrix) components, including proteoglycan and collagen-II. Crocin effectively suppressed the degeneration-related inflammation and catabolism in rat IVDs in vitro and ex vivo[4]. Crocin treatment significantly alleviated the paw swelling of RA (rheumatoid arthritis) rats. Besides, crocin administration significantly reduced the iNOS production and the serum content of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Crocin may exert potent anti-RA effects through inhibiting cytokine[5].
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