(+)-Catechin (Catechin) inhibits cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1) with an IC50 of 1.4 μM[3]. Catechins are polyphenolic compounds—flavanols of the flavonoid family found in a variety of plants. Catechins are ROS scavengers and metal ion chelators, whereas their indirect antioxidant activities comprise induction of antioxidant enzymes, inhibition of pro-oxidant enzymes, and production of the phase II detoxification enzymes and antioxidant enzymes. Due to their antioxidant properties, catechins may be beneficial in preventing and protecting against diseases caused by oxidative stress[4]. Catechin increased percentage viability of undifferentiated IMR-32 cells. Catechin pretreatment also showed an increase in neurite length of differentiated cells. Catechin showed a significant reversal of time-induced memory deficit in a dose-dependent manner and prevention of DOX (Doxorubicin)-induced memory deficit at 100 mg/kg. In addition, catechin treatment showed a significant decrease in oxidative stress, acetylcholine esterase and neuroinflammation in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex in DOX -induced toxicity model[5]. Catechins can also stabilize the structure of the gastrointestinal micro-ecological environment via promoting the proliferation of beneficial intestinal bacteria and regulating the balance of intestinal flora, so as to relieve the inflammatory bowel disease. Furthermore, catechins may regulate the tight junctions in the epithelium[6].
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