Crocetin is an active constituent of saffron (Crocus sativus L.) stigma and exhibits various health-promoting properties including anti-tumor, neuroprotective effects, anti-diabetics, anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperlipidemia, etc[3]. Crocetin could be suggested as a potential dermatological whitening agent in skin care products. Decreased tyrosinase activity, melanin content, tyrosinase and MITF (Microphthalmia-Associated Transcription Factor) proteins levels, and ROS (Reactive Oxygen Species) production showed the inhibition of melanogenesis in B16F10 cells by crocetin[4]. Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were incubated with various concentrations of Crocetin (1, 5, 25, 50, and 100 µM) over a period of 72 h. Protein level of VEGFR-1, -2 and p-Akt/Akt, p-eNOS/eNOS ratios were increased 72 h after the treatment of HUVECs with Crocetin. Crocetin promotes HUVECs angiogenesis potential by the modulation of VEGF signaling pathway and increased cell viability[5]. Crocetin significantly inhibited the proliferation of KYSE-150 cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Crocetin also markedly induced cell apoptosis. Furthermore, we have found that crocetin not only inhibited the activation of PI3K/AKT, extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1/2 (ERK1/2), and p38 but also upregulated the p53/p21 levelhttps://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30783055.
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