Daidzin can inhibit mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase2 with IC50 of 80 nM and ALDH-I selectively (Ki=20 nM). Daidzin is purified from the root of Pueraria lobata with effective anti-atherosclerotic activities.
Daidzin is also a potent and selective inhibitor of human mitochondrial aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH-2) with IC50 of 80 nM[3]. Daidzin is also an isoflavone that has anti-oxidant, anti-carcinogenic, and anti-atherosclerotic activities[4]. Daidzin possess tyrosyl radical scavenging activity and thereby decreases the oxidative stress. Treatment with daidzin protects the cornea in dry eye rat model by suppression inflammation and oxidative stress[5]. ITG extract and its active component Daidzin effectively improved CYP-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis through inhibiting the MMP-8, TIMP-1, and oxidative stress[6]. Daidzin treatment (150 mg/kg per day i.p. for 6 days) significantly suppresses (> 70%) hamster ethanol intake but does not affect overall acetaldehyde metabolism. In vitro, daidzin suppresses hamster liver mitochondria-catalyzed acetaldehyde oxidation very potently with an IC50 value of 0.4 mM, which is substantially lower than the daidzin concentration (70 mM) found in the liver mitochondria of daidzin-treated hamsters[7]. Daidzin inhibits ALDH-I competitively with respect to formaldehyde with a Ki of 40 nM, and uncompetitively with respect to the coenzyme NAD+[8].
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