(S)-Viloxazine Hydrochloride is S(+)-isomers of the atypical antidepressant viloxazin (Viloxazine) can as a norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (NRI). n vitro, viloxazine demonstrated antagonistic activity at 5-HT2B and agonistic activity at 5-HT2C receptors, along with predicted high receptor occupancy at clinical doses. In vivo, viloxazine increased extracellular 5-HT levels in the prefrontal cortex (PFC), a brain area implicated in ADHD (attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder). Viloxazine also exhibited moderate inhibitory effects on the norepinephrine transporter (NET) in vitro and in vivo, and elicited moderate activity at noradrenergic and dopaminergic systems[2]. The AMDP-evaluation suggests that viloxazin has a somewhat more marked and more rapid effect on symptoms of retardation, whereas amitriptyline acts predominantly on depressive mood, disturbances of sleep and vital feelings. The viloxazine blood levels showed a remarkably low inter- and intraindividual variance[3]. Fourteen consecutive daily injections of either the racemate or the S-isomer (2, 5 and 10 mg kg-1 i.p.) significantly improved the acquisition of avoidance behaviour. Racemic viloxazine caused a concentration-dependent (10(-5)-10(-3 M) release of 5-MT without affecting any significant change in the release of either catecholamine[4].
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