(±)-α-Tocopherol is a biologically active form of vitamin E, which is a lipid-soluble antioxidant that protects cellular membranes from oxidative damage. It is one of the components in MF59 and AS03 adjuvant.

Coenzyme Q10 is a component of the electron transport chain and participates in aerobic cellular respiration.

Pyridoxal phosphate is the active form of vitamin B6, acts as an inhibitor of reverse transcriptases, and is used for the treatment of tardive dyskinesia.

Vitamin B1 is a water-soluble vitamin, as are all vitamins of the B complex.

Trolox是维生素E的类似物，具有强效的抗氧化作用，并能有效抑制膜损伤。

(S)-Glutamic acid acts as an excitatory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.

Dibenzoyl Thiamine, also known as bentiamine, is a derivative of thiamine. It can be rapidly absorbed into the body and converted to thiamine.

Fursultiamine is a nutritional supplement and vitamin B1 derivative, which shows potential antineoplastic activity.

Menadiol Diacetate is namely vitamin K4 which is a synthesized vitamin and mainly used for vitamin deficiency.

Sulbutiamine is a derivative of vitamin B1 and can be used to treat asthenia.

Menadione, a synthetic naphthoquinone, can be converted to active vitamin K2 in vivo.

L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate是一种维生素C的衍生物，它在生物体内可以转化为活性形式的维生素C，并且具有促进胶原蛋白生成的能力。这种化合物在体外实验中被证实可以促进人脂肪干细胞（hASCs）的成骨分化。在成骨细胞分化的过程中，L-Ascorbic acid 2-phosphate sesquimagnesium salt hydrate能够提高hASCs中碱性磷酸酶（ALP）的活性，并且促进runx2A基因的表达

Calcifediol is an active metabolite of vitamin D. It can inhibit the secretion of parathyroid hormone with 2 nM and commonly used as an indicator of body vitamin D status.

Riboflavin is an easily absorbed micronutrient with a key role in maintaining health in humans and other animals.

β-Carotene is a naturally occuring retinol (vitamin A) precursor found in plants and fruits, used to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria.

L-carnitine is constituent of striated muscle and liver. It is used therapeutically to stimulate gastric and pancreatic secretions and in the treatment of hyperlipoproteinemias.

Hesperidin is a flavanone glycoside which can be extracted in citrus fruits.

L-Gulono-1,4-lactone is a substrate of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidoreductase, which catalyzes the last step of the biosynthesis of L-ascorbic (Vatamin) C. In other words, L-Gulono-1,4-lactone is a direct precursor of vitamin C in animals, in plants and in some protists.

NADH Disodium is a coenzyme that functions as a regenerating electron donor in catabolic processes including glycolysis, β-oxidation and the citric acid cycle.

Choline Chloride is a precursor of acetylcholine, a basic constituent of lecithin that is found in many plants and animal organs.