Trolox is a water-soluble analogue of vitamin E with a powerful antioxidant effect. In a canine model of two hours of left anterior descending coronary artery occlusion followed by four hours of reperfusion, Trolox and ascorbic acid reduced the area of infarction within the area at risk. Trolox has shown to protect mammalian cells from oxidative damage[1]. Trolox could prevent oxidative stress-induced apoptosis in thymocytes. Pre- or posttreatment of cells with Trolox reduced H2O2-induced DNA fragmentation to control levels and below[2]. Trolox prolonged substantially the survival of human ventricular myocytes and hepatocyte against oxyradicals generated with xanthine oxidase plus hypoxanthine, and prevented lysis of red cells exposed to an azo-initiator (2,2'-azo-bis(2-amidinopropane) HCl). In each cell type, the protection by Trolox was dose dependent and surpassed those given by such water-soluble antioxidants as ascorbic acid, superoxide dismutase, and (or) catalase, each examined at or near its optimal level in the same system[3]. Trolox treatment in BDL (bile duct ligation) rats prevented the increase in ALT(Alanine aminotransferase). Collagen was increased by chronic BDL, but trolox administration preserved the normal collagen concentration[4]. Trolox prevents osteoclast formation and bone loss by inhibiting both RANKL induction in osteoblasts and c-Fos expression in osteoclast precursors[5].
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