Morroniside has neuroprotective effect by inhibiting neuron apoptosis and MMP2/9 expression. Treatment with Morroniside significantly reduces I/R‑associated neuron apoptosis in a dose dependent manner[3]. Morroniside treatment reverses the HG(High glucose)-impaired osteogenic differentiation of BMSCs in vitro. Furthermore, in vivo, morroniside attenuated bone loss and improved bone microarchitecture accompanied by Glo1 (glyoxalase-1) upregulation and RAGE (receptor for advanced glycation end product) downregulation[4]. Morroniside was protective against cartilage matrix degradation and reduced DMM(destabilization of the medial meniscus)-induced chondrocyte pyroptosis and apoptosis by the inhibition of NF-κB signaling[5]. The administration of morroniside (20 or 100 mg/kg body weight/d, per os (p.o.)) decreased the elevated serum glucose concentration in db/db mice, and reduced the increased oxidative biomarkers including the generation of ROS and lipid peroxidation in the liver[6]. Morroniside had effective anti-inflammatory properties in AMI (acute myocardial infarction) rats[7].
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