Glycitein, as one of the three major isoflavones in soybeans, directly but significantly (about 5%) suppressed the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 and stimulated bone-related protein (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC)) expression[3]. Glycitein has weak estrogenic activity, comparable to that of the other soy isoflavones but much lower than that of DES and 17beta-estradiol[4]. Glycitein exhibits biphasic regulation on SKBR-3 cells. At concentrations of less than 10 mg/mL, cells respond to glycitein by increasing cell growth and de novo DNA synthesis whereas the addition of glycitein at concentrations greater than 30 mg/mL significantly inhibited cell growth and DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Glycitein was found to be cytostatic at low concentrations and cytotoxic at higher concentrations. Treatment with 100 mg/mL of glycitein severely altered the cell morphology[5]. Osteoclast generation was inhibited by glycitein in a biphasic-dose-dependent manner and showed the greatest inhibitory effects at 10 nM. Glycitein increased caspase 3/7 activity by 15% at a concentration of 10 nM. Further, 10 nM glycitein significantly decreased the expression of IL-6 and RANKL in osteoblasts but did not change mRNA levels of OPG(osteoprotegerin) [6].
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