Glycitein, a soybean isoflavonoid with anti-oxidation, can induce the expression of antioxidant genes like antioxidant response element (ARE). It is also used in the study of apoptosis when combination with other isoflavonoids such as genistein and daidzein.
Glycitein, as one of the three major isoflavones in soybeans, directly but significantly (about 5%) suppressed the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 and stimulated bone-related protein (alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC)) expression[3]. Glycitein has weak estrogenic activity, comparable to that of the other soy isoflavones but much lower than that of DES and 17beta-estradiol[4]. Glycitein exhibits biphasic regulation on SKBR-3 cells. At concentrations of less than 10 mg/mL, cells respond to glycitein by increasing cell growth and de novo DNA synthesis whereas the addition of glycitein at concentrations greater than 30 mg/mL significantly inhibited cell growth and DNA synthesis in a dose-dependent manner. Glycitein was found to be cytostatic at low concentrations and cytotoxic at higher concentrations. Treatment with 100 mg/mL of glycitein severely altered the cell morphology[5]. Osteoclast generation was inhibited by glycitein in a biphasic-dose-dependent manner and showed the greatest inhibitory effects at 10 nM. Glycitein increased caspase 3/7 activity by 15% at a concentration of 10 nM. Further, 10 nM glycitein significantly decreased the expression of IL-6 and RANKL in osteoblasts but did not change mRNA levels of OPG(osteoprotegerin) [6].
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