Echinatin is a chalcone isolated from the Chinese herbal medicine Gancao with hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects[3]. Administration of echinatin obviously inhibits NLRP3 inflammasome activation and ameliorates LPS-induced septic shock and dextran sodium sulfate-induced (DSS-induced) colitis in mice. Moreover, echinatin exerted favorable pharmacological effects on liver inflammation and fibrosis in a mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)[4]. Echinatin induced apoptosis and autophagy through inactivation of AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, whereas constitutive activation of AKT significantly abrogated these effects. Furthermore, echinatin had a significant antitumor effect in the tumor xenograft model and markedly suppressed cell migration and invasion abilities of ESCC (Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma) cells in a dose-dependent manner[5]. Echinatin exerted its protective effect against MI/R (myocardial ischemic/reperfusion) injury at least partially by suppressing the Hippo/YAP signaling pathway[6]. Echinatin mitigates H2O2-induced oxidative damage and apoptosis in HLECs (Human lens epithelial B3 cells) via the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, suggesting that Ech may be a potential drug for the treatment of cataracts[7].
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