Danshensu, an active ingredient of Salvia miltiorrhiza, shows wide cardiovascular benefit by activating Nrf2 signaling pathway. DSS (Danshensu) significantly decreased the level of the marker enzymes (creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase) from the coronary effluents and myocardial infarction size. This could markedly contribute to the recovery of cardiac function after I/R (ischemia reperfusion) injury. DSS also had ROS scavenging activity and boosted endogenous antioxidants such as SOD, CAT, MDA, GSH-PX and HO-1 activities by activating nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway which was mediated by Akt and ERK1/2 in western blot analysis[3]. Acute treatment with a single dose of danshensu in rats with normal tHcy (plasma total homocysteine) did not change plasma tHcy. In contrast, danshensu significantly lowered tHcy in rats with elevated tHcy[4]. Danshensu significantly decreased the right ventricle systolic pressure, the right ventricle hypertrophy and pulmonary vascular remodeling index in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rats. Danshensu also reduced the increased expression of transforming growth factor-β and phosphorylation of smad3 in pulmonary arteries in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension rats. In vitro, danshensu inhibited the hypoxia- or transforming growth factor-β-induced proliferation of primary pulmonary artery smooth muscle cells[5].
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