TPA（佛波酯）通过激活蛋白激酶C（PKC），引发细胞内信号传导途径，导致炎症介质和细胞因子的释放，以及引发氧化应激和免疫细胞激活，最终导致急性接触性皮炎的发生。

Sodium Butyrate 是一种 HDAC 抑制剂，具有诱导细胞分化和抑制细胞增殖的作用。Sodium Butyrate 可用于癌症、炎症性疾病和代谢性疾病的研究。

SP600125 是一种选择性的 JNK 抑制剂，对 JNK1、JNK2 和 JNK3 具有高亲和力，IC50 值分别为 40 nM、50 nM 和 90 nM。SP600125 具有抗炎和抗肿瘤作用，可用于 JNK 信号通路相关疾病的研究。

Purmorphamine是一种Smo (smoothened/Smo receptor) 激动剂，EC50 为 1 μM。

IBMX is a competitive nonselective PDEs inhibitor and a nonselective adenosine receptor antagonist, with IC50 of 2-50 μM but does not inhibit PDE8 or PDE9.

Valproic acid sodium is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor (IC50=10 μM in Hela cell, 24h) has an anticancer effect.

L-755507 is characterized as a potent and selective β3 adrenergic receptor partial agonist with EC50 of 0.43 nM. It is also recently identified to enhance CRISPR-mediated homology-directed repair (HDR) efficiency in human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and other cell types.

Genistein has multiple biological functions. It can inhibit several tyrosine kinases (IC50 of 0.6 μM for EGFR), inhibits DNA topoisomerase-II and activation of PPARs. Genistein is a phytoestrogen which has selective estrogen receptor modulator properties.

Troglitazone是一种口服活性的PPARγ激动剂，对人和小鼠PPARγ受体的EC50分别为550 nM和780 nM。它具有抗癌活性，并能预防和抑制2型糖尿病的发展。

Calcitriol 是维生素 D3 的活性形式，对维生素 D 受体（VDR）具有高亲和力，IC50 值为 1 nM。Calcitriol 具有调节钙磷代谢、抗炎和抗肿瘤作用，可用于骨质疏松症、慢性肾病和癌症的研究。

PD98059 is a non-ATP competitive MEK inhibitor with IC50 of 2 μM, specifically inhibits MEK-1-mediated activation of MAPK and does not directly inhibit ERK1 or ERK2.

CHIR-98014 (CT98014) is highly selective aminopyrimidine-derivatived inhibitor of GSK-3 with IC50 of 650nM and 580nM for GSK-3 and GSK-3(measured by kinase assays), respectively, and exhibits >1000-fold selectivity for GSK-3 over closely related kinases, such as cdc2.

Dorsomorphin 是一种选择性、ATP 竞争性的 AMPK 抑制剂 (在没有 AMP 的情况下，Ki 为 109 nM)，选择性抑制 BMP I 型受体 ALK2、ALK3 和 ALK6，并可逆转 Urolithin A导致的自噬激活和抗炎作用。

Zebularine is a DNA methylation inhibitor which forms a covalent complex with DNA methyltransferases, it also inhibits cytidinedeaminase with Ki of 2 μM.

Indomethacin is a nonselective COX1 and COX2 inhibitor with IC50 of 0.1 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL, respectively, used to reduce fever, pain, stiffness, and swelling.

Imatinib Mesylate (STI571 Mesylate) 是一种酪氨酸激酶抑制剂，靶向 c-Kit、Bcr-Abl 和 PDGFR，IC50 为 100 nM。

GSA 10 is a smoothened (Smo) receptor agonist with EC50 of 1.2 μM.