Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate, administered at doses of 20, 50, 140, or 300 mg/kg to BLT mice, exhibits dose-dependent activity against vaginal HIV challenge in BLT humanized mice. At doses of 50, 140, and 300 mg/kg, Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate significantly reduces HIV transmission in BLT mice ^[3].

Tenofovir Disoproxil Fumarate (0.5, 1.5, or 5.0 mg/kg/day, pO.) induces a dose-dependent reduction in serum viremia in woodchucks chronically infected with WHV. This treatment approach is both safe and effective in the woodchuck model of chronic HBV infection ^[4].

Tenofovir exhibits cytotoxicity in HK-2 cells, with IC50 values of 9.21 and 2.77 μM at 48 and 72 hours in the MTT assay, respectively. It reduces ATP levels and increases oxidative stress and protein carbonylation within the concentration range of 3.0 to 28.8 μM in HK-2 cells. Additionally, Tenofovir triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial damage in HK-2 cells ^[1].

Tenofovir and M48U1, each formulated in 0.25% HEC, collectively inhibit the replication of R5-tropic HIV-1BaL and X4-tropic HIV-1IIIb in activated PBMCs, as well as various laboratory strains and patient-derived HIV-1 isolates. The combined formulation of M48U1 and tenofovir in 0.25% HEC demonstrates synergistic antiretroviral activity against R5-tropic HIV-1BaL infection without PBMC toxicity ^[2].