Salvianolic acid A (Sal A or SAA) is a hydrophilic polyphenolic derivative isolated from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge as an anti-cancer and cardio-protective herbal medicine. The IC50 values were determined as 5.7 µM in the HEK293/ETAR cell line and 3.14 µM in HeLa cells, respectively[3]. in vitro, SAA enhances the activation of the Akt/GSK-3β/Nrf2 signaling pathway in H2O2-Induced HK-2 Cells. in vivo, administration of SAA significantly increased the activities of T-SOD, GPx, and CAT[4]. It also can inhibit platelet activation via the inhibition of PI3K, and attenuates arterial thrombus formation in vivo, suggesting that it may be developed as a therapeutic agent for the prevention of thrombotic disorders[5]. Salvianolic acid A is also a matrix metalloproteinase-9 inhibitor, can prevents cardiac remodeling in spontaneously hypertensive rats, and inhibits PDGF-BB-activated HSC proliferation, partially through apoptosis induction while exerting no direct cytotoxicity on primary hepatocytes and HSC-T6 cells under experimental concentrations[6].
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