Baicalein is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor with an IC50 value of 3.12 μM. The antioxidant function of baicalin was mainly based on scavenging superoxide radical whilst baicalein was a good xanthine oxidase inhibitor[3]. Baicalein reversed the resistance of human A549 lung adenocarcinoma cells to cisplatin by inhibiting EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) and attenuating apoptosis via PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway[4]. Baicalein suppresses mitogen induced T cell proliferation and cytokine secretion in vitro. Pre-treatment with baicalein significantly suppresses Con A or anti-CD3/CD28 mAb induced proliferation as well as cytokine secretion at 25 μM. Baicalein treatment induces DNA binding of NF-κB but inhibits thioredoxin activity in the nuclear compartment[5]. Baicalein suppressed proliferation, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. Furthermore, baicalein significantly decreased the expression of SATB1 in MDA-MB-231 cells. It suppressed the expression of vimentin and SNAIL while enhancing the expression of E-cadherin. Baicalein also downregulated the expression of Wnt1 and β-catenin proteins and transcription level of Wnt/β-catenin-targeted genes[6]. Baicalein induces apoptosis and autophagy of breast cancer cells via inhibiting the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway in vivo and vitro[7]. Baicalein (200 mg/kg, i.g.) exerts neuroprotective effects by reducing neuroinflammation, apoptosis and autophagy, and protects against cerebral I/R (ischemia-reperfusion) injury in the subacute phase in vivo[8].
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