1-Deoxynojirimycin is a potent α-glucosidase inhibitor, suppresses postprandial blood glucose, thereby possibly preventing diabetes mellitus. It's a natural product isolated and purified from the root barks of Morus alba L..
1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ, C₆H13NO₄, 163.17 g/mol), an alkaloid azasugar or iminosugar, is a biologically active natural compound that exists in mulberry leaves and Commelina communis (dayflower) as well as from several bacterial strains such as Bacillus and Streptomyces species. 1-Deoxynojirimycin is a potent and orally active α-glucosidase inhibitor. 1-Deoxynojirimycin suppresses postprandial blood glucose and is widely used for diabetes mellitus[3]. Oral sucrose tolerance test was performed, and the result showed that CSE (culture supernatant extract) was able to significantly suppress the blood glucose elevation and suggested DNJ (1-Deoxynojirimycin) as the main active compound. The recovery rate of 15N from DNJ reached 80% up to 48 hours after oral administration, suggesting its rapid excretion, suggesting the safety of DNJ[4]. db/db mice were treated with DNJ intravenously (20, 40 and 80 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) for four weeks. DNJ significantly reduced body weight, blood glucose and serum insulin levels. DNJ treatment also improved glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance. DNJ significantly improved insulin sensitivity via activating insulin signaling PI3K/AKT pathway in skeletal muscle of db/db mice[5]. In addition, DNJ delays cellular senescence that is promoted under high glucose condition[6].
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