Xylan is a polysaccharide made from units of xylose and contains predominantly β-D-xylose units linked as in cellulose.

Maltoheptaose是一种磷酸化酶 B (phosphorylase B) 的激活剂，可用于制备 2-磷酸庚糖，由七个葡萄糖单元组成的麦芽低聚糖。

Lacto-N-tetraose是人乳低聚糖 (HMOs) 的核心结构之一，具有益生元、免疫调节、抗炎、抗菌和抗病毒作用。该化合物已被广泛应用于婴儿配方奶粉中，适用于肠道健康、免疫反应和感染性疾病的研究。

D-Fructose (D(-)-Fructose) is a naturally occurring monosaccharide found in many plants.

Dextrin 是一种淀粉衍生物，作为膳食纤维，已被证明具有促进肠道健康的作用。它通过改善肠道菌群的平衡和增加短链脂肪酸的生成，参与肠道屏障功能和代谢调节，对于治疗消化系统疾病如便秘或肠易激综合征（IBS）具有潜在作用。

Hyaluronic acid is a biopolymer composed of repeating units of disaccharides with various applications.

Chitosan is a chitin-derived biodegradable cationic aminopolysaccharide which is toxic to several bacteria, fungi, and parasites.

Gum Arabic is a natural gum consisting of the hardened sap of various species of the acacia tree. It is widely used in biological research, also can be used as a safe dietary fiberas and stabilizer in the food industry.

Hyaluronic acid sodium salt is endogenous glycosaminoglycan found in conective tissue and synovial fluid. It can be used as a biomimetic cosmetic additive.