Pinoresinol diglucoside (PDG) is one of the major lignans with various pharmacological activities which could be isolated from Duzhong and other plant species. PDG (5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg) exerts anti-inflammatory and antioxidation effects via regulating the NF-κB pathway and Nrf2/HO-1 pathway, thereby reducing the I/R(ischemia/reperfusion)-induced brain injury of mice[3]. PDG (5 and 10 mg/kg, i.g.) can attenuate neuroinflammation, neuronal apoptosis and oxidative stress through the TLR4/NF-κB and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways, and ameliorate memory dysfunction induced by Aβ1-42 in mice[4]. PDG (2.5 mg/kg, 5 mg/kg, 7.5 mg/kg per day) treatment prevented cardiac histomorphology damages, decreased upregulations of hypertrophic biomarkers, and prevented fibrosis and inflammation after pressure overload resulting from AAC(abdominal aortic constriction)-surgery. Consistently, PDG remarkably inhibited the changes of cardiomyocyte hypertrophic biomarkers and inflammatory responses in cellular models of CM. PDG administration inhibited the activation of AKT/mTOR/NF-kB signaling pathway both in vivo and in vitro[5].
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