[E-(+)-Matrine (Matrine) is an alkaloid found in plants from the Sophora genus. It has a variety of pharmacological effects, including anti-cancer effects, and action as a kappa opioid receptor and u-receptor agonist. Matrine treatment dose-dependently reduced cell viability and increased the apoptotic rate of HepG2 cells. Matrine treatment induced mitochondrial dysfunction and activated mitochondrial apoptosis by inhibiting protective mitophagy[3]. Matrine activates p38 pathway leading to a caspase-dependent apoptosis by inducing generation of ROS (reactive oxygen species) in NSCLC (Non-small cell lung carcinoma) cells[4]. Matrine can alleviate muscle atrophy and improve myoblast differentiation possibly by inhibiting E3 ubiquitin ligases and activating the Akt/mTOR/FoxO3α signaling pathway[5]. MAT (Matrine) significantly improved the D-gal-induced recognition and spatial memory impairment in novel object recognition and Y maze tests, and exercise endurance decreased in the weight-loaded swimming test at 2 and 10 mg/kg[6]. Matrine inhibited proliferation of cancer cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Matrine induced cell-cycle arrest at G1/G0 phase, induced apoptosis and reduced expression of Bcl-2 and caspase-3 while up-regulating Bax and cleaved caspase-3 in the four CRC (colorectal cancer) cells[7].
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