On its own, (-)-Menthol does not exhibit antiproliferative effects. However, it can enhance the growth inhibitory effects mediated by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) in LNCaP prostate cancer cells. Notably, at concentrations above 1.6 mM, (-)-Menthol causes the cells to detach from the culture dish, indicating a cytotoxic effect at higher doses^[1].

At a concentration of 0.8 mM, (-)-Menthol is capable of increasing intracellular calcium [Ca2+].i through mechanisms involving either transmembrane calcium influx or release from intracellular stores. The peak increase in [Ca2+].i observed was 102.3±39 nM with (-)-Menthol alone, and 124.5±51 nM when combined with 1α,25(OH)2D3^[1].

The combination of 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25(OH)2D3) with (-)-Menthol (0.8 mM) cooperatively modulates the expression of the apoptosis regulator bcl-2 and cell cycle regulator p21^[1].