Kirenol is isolated from ethanolic extract of Siegesbeckia orientalis with anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity. The anti-inflammatory effect of kirenol 0.4 - 0.5% (w/w) was similar to the effect of piroxicam gel 4h after carrageenan injection[3]. Kirenol treatment significantly decreased high glucose-induced cardiofibroblasts proliferation and increased the cardiomyocytes viability, prevented the loss of mitochondrial membrane potential and further attenuated cardiomyocytes apoptosis, accompanied by a reduction in apoptosis-related protein expression. Kirenol gavage could affect the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a dose-dependent manner but not lower lipid profiles, and only decrease fasting plasma glucose, fasting plasma insulin and mean HbA1c levels in high-dose kirenol-treated group at some time-points[4]. Kirenol inhibited the migration, invasion, and proinflammatory of IL-6 secretion of RA-associated synovial fibroblasts (FLS) at a concentration of 100 - 200 μg/ml in vitro. Proinflammatory cytokines production and synovium hyperplasia and cartilage erosion were also inhibited in a collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) mouse model upon kirenol treatment[5].
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