Fumaric acid (FA), a metabolic intermediate, has been identified as an important carbohydrate derived platform chemical. Fumaric acid as a four-carbon unsaturated dicarboxylic acid is widely used in the food and chemical industries[1]. Fumaric acid is a naturally occurring organic acid that is an intermediate of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. Fungal species belonging to Rhizopus have traditionally been employed for the production of fumaric acid[2]. Fumaric acid concentrations increase with plant age and light intensity in Arabidopsis leaves. Moreover, Arabidopsis phloem exudates contain significant quantities of fumaric acid, raising the possibility that fumaric acid may function in carbon transport[3].
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