Maytansinoid DM4 is a tubulin inhibitor, inhibits the assemblyof microtubules by binding to tubulin, with a linker structure can create an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC).
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Tubulin normally undergoes a cycle of detyrosination/tyrosination on the carboxy terminus of its alpha-subunit and this results in subpopulations of tyrosinated tubulin and detyrosinated tubulin[1]. Maytansinoid DM4 is a thiol-containing maytansine derivative with highly potent cytotoxicity. Maytansinoid DM4 is a tubulin inhibitor, inhibits the assembly of microtubules by binding to tubulin, with a linker structure can create an antibody-drug conjugate (ADC). Maytansine is a natural benzoansamacrolide product isolated from the bark of the African shrub Maytenus ovatus. Maytansine binds to the same site on tubulin as the vinca alkaloids, with similar in vitro inhibition constants, but is a more-potent cytotoxin[2]. Maytansinoid DM1 and DM4 inactivated CYP3A from human liver microsomes with K(i)/k(inact) values of 4. 8 ± 0. 9 μM/0. 035 ± 0. 002 min(-1) and 3. 3 ± 0. 2 μM/0. 114 ± 0. 002 min(-1), respectively. DM1 and DM4 inactivated recombinant CYP3A4 with K(i)/k(inact) values of 3. 4 ± 1. 0 μM/0. 058 ± 0. 005 min(-1) and 1. 4 ± 0. 3 μM/0. 117 ± 0. 006 min(-1), respectively[3]. Although S-methyl-DM1 and S-methyl-DM4 inhibited polymerization more weakly than maytansine, at 100 nmol/L they suppressed dynamic instability more strongly than maytansine (by 84% and 73%, respectively, compared with 45% for maytansine). Both maytansine and S-methyl-DM1 bound to tubulin with similar K(D) values (0. 86 ± 0. 2 and 0. 93 ± 0. 2 μmol/L, respectively)[4].
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