Costunolide shows anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities and also induces apoptosis. It is a sesquiterpene lactone isolated from stem bark of Magnolia sieboldii,
Costunolide, a natural sesquiterpene lactone, is found commonly in many species such as Saussurea lappa and Artemisia balchanorum. Besides, it has a variety of biological activities, such as chemopreventive and antitumor activity, anti-inflammatory, antibiotic, anti-fungal and anti-viral activity of costunolide[3]. Costunolide caused inhibition of cell growth of human breast carcinoma cell lines MCF-7 cells and MDA-MB-231 cells with IC50 of 90 mM and 50 mM, respectively, and this effect was mediated at least in part by costunolide-induced significant reduction in telomerase activity[4]. Costunolide treatment at 40 mg/kg on acute liver injury (ALI) mice significantly improved the pathological changes of hepatic tissue, and reduced the LPS and D-galactosamine-induced increases of alanine aminotransferase (from 887.24 ± 21.72 to 121.67 ± 6.56 IU/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (from 891.01 ± 45.24 to 199.94 ± 11.53 IU/L) activities in serum, remarkably reduced malondialdehyde content (from 24.56 ± 1.39 to 9.17 ± 0.25 nmol/ml) and reactive oxygen species (from 203.34 ± 7.68 to 144.23 ± 7.12%), increased the activity of anti-oxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (from 153.74 ± 10.33 to 262.27 ± 8.39 U/ml), catalase (from 6.12 ± 0.30 to 12.44 ± 0.57 U/ml), and total anti-oxidant capacity (from 0.64 ± 0.06 to 6.29 ± 0.11 U/ml) in hepatic tissues[5]. CHO cells treated with 5.01 μM Costunolide showed slightly higher micronuclei compared to the untreated cells, and Costunolide at 5.01, 7.56, and 10.12 μM concentrations significantly inhibited tubulin polymerization by 64.89, 50.86, and 41.63%, respectively, in comparison to the control[6].
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