Fosaprepitant Dimeglumine is a prodrug for aprepitant which is a selective and high-affinity antagonist of NK1 receptor.

Isosorbide is used as a diuretic used mainly to treat hydrocephalus and is also used to treat glaucoma.

Dapagliflozin（BMS-512148）是一种治疗糖尿病的新药，是一种竞争性钠/葡萄糖协同转运蛋白2（SGLT2）抑制剂，导致尿中葡萄糖排泄。Dapagliflozin诱导HIF1表达并减少肾缺血再灌注损伤。

Erythritol is a sugar alcohol naturally occuring in some fruit and fermented foods, used as a food additive.

DTE is a sulfur containing sugar derived from the corresponding 4-carbon monosaccharide erythrose and is an epimer of dithiothreitol (DTT).

DTT is a redox reagent known as Cleland's reagent and is as a reducing or "deprotecting" agent for thiolated DNA.

Maltitol is a sugar alcohol (polyol) used as a sugar substitute. It is especially useful in the production of sweets, including sugarless hard candies, chewing gum, chocolates.

L-Arabinitol is a potential biomarker for the comsuption of the food products such as sweet potato, deerberry, moth bean, and is also associated with Alzheimer's disease and ribose-5-phosphate isomerase deficiency.