Harpagoside is isolated from Harpagophytum procumbens (Hp). Harpagoside has inhibitory effects on COX-1 and COX-2 activity and inhibits NO production. The highest concentration of harpagoside inhibited indistinctively COX-1 and COX-2 (37.2 and 29.5% respectively) activity and greatly inhibited NO production (66%)[3]. Harpagoside exerts a significant anti-inflammatory effect by inhibiting the inflammatory stimuli mediated by suppressing c-FOS/AP-1 activity in OA (osteoarthritis) chondrocytes under pathological conditions[4]. With the use of chronic cerebral hypoperfusion rats, a well-known VaD (Vascular dementia) model, we demonstrated that chronic administration (two months) of harpagoside was able to restore both the spatial learning/memory and fear memory impairments. Harpagoside suppressed the overactivation of PTEN induced by CCH by enhancing PTEN phosphorylation. Furthermore, harpagoside elevated the activity of Akt and inhibited the activity of GSK-3β, downstream effectors of PTEN[5].
搜索
