Echinacoside, one of the phenylethanoids isolated from the stems of Cistanche salsa, effectively inhibits Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Echinacoside can dose-dependently reduce phosho-LRP6, total LRP6, phosho-Dvl2, active β-catenin, and total β-catenin protein expression level in MDA-MB-231 and MDA-MB-468 cells[3]. Echinacoside shows both anti-apoptotic and anti-inflammatory properties, characterized by a substantial inhibition of hepatocyte apoptosis and a significant reduction in the inflammatory markers[4]. Echinacoside (30 - 270 mg/kg body weight; p.o.; daily for 12 weeks) significantly reverses the increases of body weight, serum hydroxyproline (HOP) levels, and the decreases of uterus wet weight and bone mineral density (BMD) in in ovariectomized (OVX) rats[5]. Echinacoside could increase viability of rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells injured by Aβ (β-amyloid protein) and suppress the increase in intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) triggered by Aβ[6]. Moreover, transient treatment with echinacoside inhibits cytochrome c release and caspase-3 activation caused by ensuing rotenone exposure via activating Trk-extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) pathway in neuronal cells[7].
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