Diaveridine is a dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) inhibitor with a Ki of 11.5 nM for the wild type DHFR and also an antibacterial agent[2]. A single oral administration of diaveridine significantly induced DNA damage in liver, kidney, lung, and spleen cells, but not in bone marrow cells. The significant increase in migration values of DNA was reproducible with dose-response relationship. Treatments with Diaveridine for 90 min have a strong bactericidal effect on S. typhimurium TA1535, and no bacterial growth is observed at 10μg/mL or more. Without metabolic activation, treatment with Diaveridine for 48 h, but not 24 h, causes a dose-dependent, significant increase in the frequency of aberrant metaphases. At 100 μg/mL, 60% of the metaphases contain chromosome aberrations[3]. It is used in combination with sulfaquinoxaline as an antiprotozoal agent in animals for the prophylaxis and treatment of coccidiosis and leucocytozoonosis. In the acute oral toxicity tests, median lethal dose, LD50, was more than 2378mg/kg body weight in Sprague Dawley rats (1025mg/kg body weight in ICR mice). The testing results for three terms of mutagenicity toxicity (mouse chromosome aberration, erythrocyte micronucleus and sperm abnormality) were all negative at 128-512mg/kg body weight. For 90-day feeding of DVD (Diaveridine) at the dosage of 10mg/kg body weight in both male and female SD rats, no signs of toxicological effects were detected. Meanwhile, for teratogenicity test in female SD rats at the dosage of 37mg/kg body weight, there were no toxicological signs observed. Thus, our results suggested that the DVD is safe when administered orally in rats at 10mg/kg body weight per day[4].
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