Cycloastragenol (CAG) is a triterpenoid saponin compound and a hydrolysis product of the main active ingredient in Astragalus membranaceus (Fisch.) Bunge. CAG activates telomerase in humans and ameliorates various biomarkers. CAG is absorbed through the intestinal epithelium via passive diffusion and undergoes first-pass hepatic metabolism. Within a certain dose range, oral CAG is relatively safe[1]. CAG (5, 10, 20 mg/kg) dose-dependently reduced brain infarct volume, significantly ameliorated functional deficits, and prevented neuronal cell loss in MCAO (middle cerebral artery occlusion) mice. Meanwhile, CAG significantly reduced matrix metalloproteinase-9 activity, prevented tight junction degradation and subsequently ameliorated blood-brain barrier disruption. Moreover, CAG significantly upregulated SIRT1 expression in the ischemic brain but did not directly activate its enzymatic activity[2]. CAG alleviates age-related bone loss and improves bone microstructure and biomechanical properties[3]. CAG improved the chondrogenic differentiation of hAMSCs（human adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells）, maintaining stable the active chondrocyte phenotype in up to 28 days of 3D in vitro chondrogenic culture[4].
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