Cichoric acid (CA), a polyphenol component from Echinacea purpurea, exhibits preventive effects on liver lipid-metabolism disorders in obesity. CA (200 μM) regulated the circadian rhythm expressions of clock genes and the relatively shallow daily oscillations. CA has a Bmal1 resistance to lipid accumulation by enhancing the Akt/GSK3β signaling pathways and modulating the downstream expressions related to lipid metabolism[3]. CA inhibited pancreas apoptosis and adjusted islet function in diabetic mice, leading to an increase in insulin generation and secretion. Moreover, CA regulated mitochondrial biogenesis, glycogen synthesis, and inhibited inflammation via activating antioxidant responses, which contributes to the improvement in athletic ability and diabetic myopathy[4]. Furthermore, CA was verified to promote glucosamine-mediated glucose uptake and inhibited inflammation through PI3K/Akt, NF-κB, and MAPK signaling pathways in HepG2 cells[5]. CA exhibits cytoprotective activity against DOX-induced (Doxorubicin) damage by lowering oxidative stress level and by inhibiting apoptosis[6].
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