Astragaloside II (AS II), a novel saponin purified from Astragalus membranes, can modulate the immune response, repair tissue injury, and prevent inflammatory response. AS II (3.2 and 6.4 mg·kg-1·d-1) ameliorated podocyte injury and mitochondrial dysfunction in diabetic rats partly through regulation of Nrf2 and PINK1 pathway[3]. AS II could alleviate inflammatory response in LPS-induced CCD-18Co cells and in DSS(dextran sulfate sodium)-induced UC (Ulcerative colitis) in mice[4]. Astragaloside II (10 and 30 nmol/L) significantly enhanced the proliferation of primary splenocytes induced by ConA, alloantigen or anti-CD3. Astragaloside II (30 nmol/L) significantly increased IL-2 and IFN-γ secretion, upregulated the mRNA levels of IFN-γ a
nd T-bet in primary splenocytes, and promoted CD25 and CD69 expression on primary CD4(+) T cells upon TCR stimulation. Furthermore, astragaloside II (100 nmol/L) promoted CD45-mediated dephosphorylation of LCK (Tyr505) in primary T cells, which could be blocked by a specific CD45 PTPase inhibitor[5]. AS II promoted wound closure and increased cell proliferation, L-arginine uptake, CAT1 and CAT2 protein levels, total protein synthesis, and phosphorylation of mTOR, S6K, and 4E-BP1 in Caco-2 cells[6].
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