1,3-Butanediol是乙醇的二聚体，作为热量来源为人体提供营养；在体内可转化为 β-羟基丁酸酯，具有神经保护和降血糖的作用。

Butyl 4-hydroxybenzoate is an organic compound, has proven to be a highly successful antimicrobial preservative in cosmetics, also used in medication suspensions, and as a flavoring additive in food.

Ethylparaben, a natural product isolated and purified from the male melon fly Dacus cucurbitae, is the ethyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, used as an antifungal preservative.

Isobutyl paraben is an anti-microbial agent and anti-fungal agent.

Potassium sorbate是一种广泛使用的食品防腐剂，能有效抑制霉菌、酵母和某些细菌的生长。它在食品和饮料中保持新鲜度和安全性。

1,2-Benzisothiazol-3(2H)-one是一种异噻唑啉酮类杀菌剂，对大肠杆菌 ATCC 8739 和酵母 NCYC 1354 具有抑制生长的活性，可用于研究其生长抑制模式。

Chloroacetamide是一种广泛应用于农业、胶水和涂料中的防腐剂。它抑制超长链脂肪酸延伸酶（ELOVL），具有良好的杀菌特性。

Propylparaben, the n-propyl ester of p-hydroxybenzoic acid, occurs as a natural substance found in many plants and some insects

Salicylic acid, a natural product extract from Willow bark, well known as an antiinflammatory inhibitor of cyclooxygenase activity.

Phenoxyethanol has a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against various gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. Phenoxyethanol is an uncouple agent in oxidative phosphorylation from respiration and competitively inhibits malate dehydrogenase. Phenoxyethanol is used as a preservative in cosmetic, vaccine, and textile, et al.

Dimetridazole is a nitroimidazole class drug that combats protozoan infections.

Sorbic Acid inhibits growth of fungi, yeast, mold and some bacteria and is nearly nontoxic to humans. It's a natural preservative that comes from the rowan berries, Sorbus aucuparia (family Rosaceae) and widely used in foods, drugs, and cosmetic products as preservatives.

Sodium benzoate is a preservative and uesd as a food additive which is bacteriostatic and fungistatic under acidic conditions

Methylparaben, a natural product isolated and purified from the barks of Tsuga dumosa, is used as a preservative.