Pyruvic acid-Na-salt是一种糖酵解产物，用于抗氧化研究和细胞代谢过程中的自由基清除。

Sodium ascorbate is a more bioavailable form of vitamin C that is an alternative to taking ascorbic acid as a supplement.

Dextrose, a simple sugar (monosaccharide), is an important carbohydrate in biology.

Ascorbic acid is a naturally occurring organic compound with antioxidant properties.

Cholesterol is the major sterol in mammals, and its importance in fundamental cellular processes is becoming more appreciated.

i-Inositol is a chemical compound, associated lipids are found in many foods, in particular fruit, especially cantaloupe and oranges.

Biotin, also known as vitamin B7, is necessary for cell growth and production of fatty acids. It can be used to elute proteins from avidin-streptavidin resins.

Potassium chloride（KCl）可用于细胞培养，也可作为钾补充剂。