3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acid具有抗炎和抗氧化的作用。它能够促进白色脂肪组织中棕色脂肪细胞特异性基因的表达，并增强肝细胞中的脂肪酸β-氧化作用。此外，3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acid可以通过AMPK–PPARδ依赖性途径减轻小鼠中由棕榈酸或高脂肪饮食引起的胰岛素抵抗和炎症。3-Amino-2-methylpropanoic acid还是骨骼肌中胸腺嘧啶和缬氨酸的分解代谢产物。

5-Aminovaleric acid is believed to act as a methylene homologue of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and functions as a weak GABA agonist.

L-Glutamine is an essential amino acid which serves as a substrate for biosynthesis of neurotransmitters glutamate and GABA in neurons.

L-Threonine is an essential amino acid which is in its active form. It is important for the formation of collagen, elastin, and tooth enamel, and aids liver and lipotropic function when combined with aspartic acid and methionine.

Hygromycin B is an aminoglycoside antibiotic active against prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Methyldopa是一种α2-肾上腺素能 （α2- adrenergic receptors ）激动剂，主要用于高血压治疗，通过在中枢神经系统中转化为α-甲基去甲肾上腺素发挥作用。

L-4-Hydroxyisoleucine, a natural product isolated and purified from the seeds of Trigonella foenum-graecum L., acts to improve insulin resistance by promoting mitochondrial biogenesis in high fructose diet fed STZ induced diabetic rats.

Folic acid (Vitamin B9) 是一种来自维生素 B 群的口服活性必需营养素，具有抗抑郁作用，能降低新生儿神经管缺陷的风险，并用于研究因叶酸缺乏引起的巨幼红细胞性贫血和大红细胞性贫血。