Sanguinarine chloride is a naturally occuring benzophenanthridine alkaloid which can inhibit sodium/potassium-ATPase protein (Na+/K+ ATPase) and cause Epidemic dropsy.
Sanguinarine chloride, a benzophenanthridine alkaloid derived from the root of Sanguinaria Canadensis, can stimulate apoptosis via activating the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Sanguinarine (SANG) could induce apoptosis in a dose- and time-dependent manner in UM-SCC-22B head and neck cancer cells. Moreover, SANG-induced apoptosis was associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of JNK and NF-κB signal pathways[3]. Sanguinarine exhibits antitumor effects in epithelial ovarian cancer cells possible via regulating CASC2-EIF4A3 axis and/or inhibiting NF-κB signaling or PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway[4]. Sanguinarine treatment (0.25, 0.5, 1, and 2 µM) of MC3T3-E1 cells significantly increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and the phoshporalyation of AMPKα, but did not affect cell proliferation. Sanguinarine treatment promoted bone tissue growth in an ovariectomized osteoporosis rat model[5].
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