Rafoxanide, a veterinary antihelminthic drug, has shown antibacterial activity in vitro against Gram-positive bacteria. In the murine peritoneal sepsis model with Col-R (colistin-resistant) strains, rafoxanide plus CMS, compared with CMS alone, increased mouse survival to 53.8% and 73.3%, and reduced bacterial loads in tissues and blood between 2.34 and 4.99 log10 cfu/g or mL, respectively[3]. Rafoxanide is commonly used as anti-helminthic medicine in veterinary medicine, a main compound of salicylanilide. Rafoxanide, as an inhibitor of BRAF V600E mutant protein, inhibits the growth of colorectal cancer, multiple myeloma, and skin cancer. Rafoxanide is used in veterinary medicine for the treatment of fascioliasis[4]. Rafoxanide treatment inhibited tumor growth, with no significant side effects, in an MM (multiple myeloma) mouse xenograft model. Combination of rafoxanide with bortezomib or lenalidomide significantly induced synergistic cytotoxicity in MM cells[5]. Rafoxanide was found to exhibit the highest cytotoxic effects (IC50: 1.09 µM for A375 and 1.31 µM for A431 cells). Rafoxanide (40 mg/kg, i.p.) exhibited significant antitumor activity, comparable to that of oxaliplatin (5 mg/kg, i.p.). The combined administration of rafoxanide and oxaliplatin produced a synergistic therapeutic effect[6].
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