Ethambutol dihydrochloride (Emb dihydrochloride) is a bacteriostatic antimycobacterial agent, which obstructs the formation of cell wall by inhibiting arabinosyl transferases. Antibacterial Ethambutol dihydrochloride (Emb dihydrochloride) directly affects two polymers, arabinogalactan (AG) and lipoarabinomannan (LAM) in Mycobacterium smegmatis[3]. Ethambutol dihydrochloride (Emb dihydrochloride) is potent against M. tuberculosis (H37Rv) with MIC of 0.5 μg/mL in vitro[4]. The % cell viability of A549 cells with all EDH (Ethambutol Dihydrochloride) formulations, pure EDH and chitosan carrier was higher than 80%, the calu-3 cell line had % viabilities of between 85 and 99%, and the % viability of NR8383 cells was between 81 and 100%. The pure EDH had a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 2 µg/mL while the EDH formulations had MIC values of less than 1 µg/mL when tested against M. bovis. The permeability of pure EDH across lipid bilayer was 48.7% after 2 h while in the EDH formulations it was enhanced to 71%[5].
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