Decoquinate is a quinolone anticoccidial approved for use in the prevention of intestinal coccidiosis in farm animals. This compound has good activity against Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in cell cultures. The drug acts on the parasites' mitochondria. Merozoite production at 10 days was completely inhibited when decoquinate was used at 20 or 240 nM. The IC50 of decoquinate was 0.5 ± 0.09 nM for the Sn6 isolate of S. neurona from a horse and 1.1 ± 0.6 nM for the SnOP15 isolate of S. neurona from an opossum. Decoquinate was cidal for developing schizonts of S. neurona at 240 nM[3]. Decoquinate treats coccidiosis in lambs and calves and prevents coccidiosis in lambs when administered in feed at a dosage of 1 mg decoquinate/kg bodyweight (b.w.) daily for at least 28 days[4]. Oral administration of nanoparticle decoquinate at a dose of 1.25 mg/kg effectively inhibited the liver-stage parasite growth and provided complete causal prophylactic protection. This efficacy is 15 fold greater than that observed for microparticle decoquinate, which requires minimal dose of 20 mg/kg for the same inhibitory effect[5]. Sheep were given decoquinate in their feed daily at either 2 mg or 1 mg/kg bodyweight from 10 days before an oral challenge with Toxoplasma gondii oocysts at 90 days of gestation, until lambing. Feeding decoquinate at the higher rate caused a delay in the onset of the febrile response to infection, reduced the overall severity of the fever and delayed the production of antibodies to the parasite. This treatment also reduced the placental damage caused by the parasite, lengthened the mean gestation period and increased the number and weight of live lambs, in comparison with ewes not fed decoquinate but challenged with T gondii oocysts[6].
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