Decanoic acid belongs to the class of organic compounds known as medium-chain fatty acids. Decanoic acid, but not the ketones β-hydroxybutryate or acetone, shows antiseizure activity in two acute ex vivo rat hippocampal slice models of epileptiform activity. It has a strong inhibitory effect on excitatory, but not inhibitory, neurotransmission in hippocampal slices. The direct inhibition of excitatory neurotransmission by decanoic acid in the brain contributes to the anti-convulsant effect of the medium chain triglyceride ketogenic diet[2]. Decanoic acid, a component of medium-chain triclycerides, contributes to seizure control through direct α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA) receptor inhibition, whereas drugs targeting lactate dehydrogenase reduce seizures through inhibition of a metabolic pathway[3]. The presence of decanoic acid, even at a low concentration (0.2 g/L), inhibited the transformation of 10-hydroxydecanoic acid to sebacic acid. Moreover, about 24-32% reduction in the decanoic acid oxidation was observed in the presence of 0.5-1.5 g/L 10-hydroxydecanoic acid[4]. Combination treatment using perampanel and dietary decanoic acid to provide enhanced seizure control[5].
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