Bakuchiol was an active antifungal compound isolated from Psoraleae Fructus. After exposure to bakuchiol at 0.25-fold, 0.5-fold and 1-fold of minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) (3.91 μg/ml) for 24h, the fungal conidia of T. mentagrophytes demonstrated a significant dose-dependent increase in membrane permeability. Moreover, bakuchiol at 1-fold MIC elicited a 187% elevation in reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in fungal cells after a 3-h incubation. In a guinea pig model of tinea pedis, bakuchiol at 1%, 5% or 10% (w/w) concentration in aqueous cream could significantly reduce the fungal burden of infected feet[3]. Bakuchiol reduced mitochondrial membrane potential (Psim) of cells in a concentration- and time-dependent manner, showing a more potent effect than that of resveratrol. Subsequently, S phase arrest, caspase 9/3 activaton, p53 and Bax up-regulation, as well as Bcl-2 down-regulation were observed in bakuchiol-treated A549 cells[4]. In combination with the reported concentration after an intravenous administration of bakuchiol (15 mg/kg) in rats, the high risk of in vivo inhibition of bakuchiol towards UGT2B7-catalyzed metabolism of drugs was indicated[5]. Bakuchiol was found to be naturally occurring potent inhibitors of hCE2, with low Ki values ranging from 0.62μM to 3.89μM[6].
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