Mutations in the RAS genes have been recognized as major oncogenes with a high occurrence rate in human cancers. RAS proteins act as molecular switches that cycle between an active, GTP-bound state and an inactive, GDP-bound state. Activated by guanine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs), RAS in its GTP bound state interacts with a number of effectors. The most-studied GEF for RAS is the protein Son of Sevenless (SOS) for which two human isoforms, SOS1 and SOS2, are known[1]. BAY-293, a valuable chemical probe, blocks RAS activation via disruption of the KRAS-SOS1 interaction with an IC50 of 21 nM. BAY-293 is a potent inhibitor of SOS1[1]. BAY-293 (595 nM-3580 nM; 72h) shows efficient antiproliferative activity against wild-type KRAS cell lines (K-562, MOLM-13) and cell lines with KRASG12C mutation (NCI-H358, Calu-1). BAY-293 efficiently inhibited pERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) levels in K-562 cells after incubation for 60 min without affecting total protein levels of ERK[1].
作用机制
The side-chain amino group of BAY-293 forms two new hydrogen bonds, to Asp887 and Tyr884, and is in a favorable position for a cation–π interaction with the side chain of Tyr884.
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