4-Methylesculetin is one of the coumarin derivatives with great anti-oxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. 4-methylesculetin (25 mg/kg) improved microscopic parameters, decreased MPO activity, reduced the colonic levels of IL-6 and counteracted GSH depletion[1]. 4 ME (4-Methylesculetin) modulated glutathione-related enzymes, mainly increasing glutathione reductase activity. 4 ME acted by different mechanisms to control oxidative stress induced by intestinal damage, controlling the imbalance between myeloperoxidase activity and glutathione production, upregulating the glutathione S-transferase and glutathione reductase activities, preventing the Nrf2 and glutathione gene expression downregulation with consequent glutathione maintenance[2]. Further, 4-ME significantly ameliorated the upregulated non-enzymatic inflammatory markers like TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, COX-2 and PGE2. Besides, 4-ME effectively stabilized the arthritis-induced oxidative stress by restoring the levels of reactive oxygen species, lipid and hydro peroxides and antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione-S-transferase[3].
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