1,2,3,4,6-Penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose, a natural product isolated and purified from the peel of Punica granatum L., suppresses interleukin (IL)-4 induced signal pathway in B cell, and inhibits IgE production partially caused by increasing a population of Treg cells in conjunction with Treg-inducing factors[3]. 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose is a large polyphenol that has been shown to be effective at inhibiting aggregation of full-length Aβ1-40 and Aβ1-42, but has the opposite effect on the C-terminal fragment Aβ25-35[4]. PGG (1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose) is a CMG2 inhibitor with antiangiogenic activity. PGG inhibits CMG2 with a submicromolar IC50 and it also inhibits the migration of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells at similar concentrations in vitro. Oral or intraperitoneal administration of PGG inhibits angiogenesis in the mouse corneal micropocket assay in vivo[5]. Cell cycle was blocked in S phase at lower dose (25 μM PGG), and G1 phase at higher dose (50 or 75 μM PGG). PGG affected cell cycle- or apoptosis-related proteins such as cyclin D1, Bcl-2 and Bax[6]. 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranose (PGG) inhibits biofilm formation by S. aureus by preventing the initial attachment of the cells to a solid surface and reducing the production of polysaccharide intercellular adhesin (PIA)[7].
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