(Z)-Guggulsterone is a broad spectrum steroid receptor ligand and an antagonist of FXR with antiseptic, antirheumatic and anti-inflammatory activity in vivo.
HazMat Fee +
There will be a HazMat fee per item when shipping a dangerous goods. The HazMat fee will be charged to your UPS/DHL/FedEx collect account or added to the invoice unless the package is shipped via Ground service. Ship by air in Excepted Quantity (each bottle), which is up to 1g/1mL for class 6.1 packing group I or II, and up to 25g/25ml for all other HazMat items.
Type
HazMat fee for 500 gram (Estimated)
Excepted Quantity
USD 0.00
Limited Quantity
USD 15-60
Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), Domestic
USD 80+
Inaccessible (Haz class 6.1), International
USD 150+
Accessible (Haz class 3, 4, 5 or 8), Domestic
USD 100+
Accessible (Haz class 3, 4, 5 or 8), International
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors (VEGFs) and their receptors (VEGF-Rs) are important regulators for angiogenesis and lymphangiogenesis. VEGFs and VEGF-Rs are not only expressed on endothelial cells but also on various subtypes of solid tumors and leukemias contributing to the growth of the malignant cells[2]. VEGF rapidly induced tyrosine phosphorylation of type 1 and type 2 VEGF receptors. Physical association between VEGF-receptor 2 (VEGF-R2) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS-1) and phosphatidylinositol 3'-kinase (PI3K) was induced by VEGF, which augmented PI3K activity in VEGF-R2 immunoprecipitates[3]. In a human melanoma xenograft mouse model, blockade of both VEGF-R2 and Tie-2 pathways or the VEGF receptor pathway alone resulted in a significant inhibition of tumor growth and tumor angiogenesis (92.2 % and 74.4 %)[4]. (Z)-Guggulsterone inhibits the growth of human prostate cancer cells by causing apoptosis. Z-guggulsterone inhibits angiogenesis by suppressing the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-VEGF-R2–Akt signaling axis. In HUVEC, Z-guggulsterone (10, 20 μM; 24 or 48 hours) induces a reduction in the level of VEGF-R2 protein. In tumor volume and wet tumor weight, Z-guggulsterone (p.o.; 1 mg; 5 times/week) causes a statistically significant reduction[5].
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