Pedunculoside是从椭圆冬青（Ilex rotunda Thunb.）树皮中提取的天然产物，具有抗炎、清热解毒、祛湿和止痛作用。

Rotundic acid是一种从毛冬青（Ilex pubescens Hook. et Arn.）的叶中分离纯化的天然产物，具有抗肿瘤活性，对 Hela、A375、HepG2、NCI-H446 和 SPC-A1 等肿瘤细胞具有显著的抑制生长作用。

Ilexgenin A是从海南冬青中提取的一种五环三萜类化合物，具有抗炎和抗癌作用，适用于相关疾病的研究。

Acetylursolic acid is a natural product isolated and purified from the herbs of Ilex paraguariensis with cytotoxic, antimalarial, antitumor and NO production inhibitory activities. Acetylursolic acid has inhibition against both acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes.