Glycine 是中枢神经系统中的抑制性神经递质，也是 glutamate 的联合激动剂，能促进谷氨酸能 NMDA 受体的兴奋。

NBT is a substrate for dehydrogenases and is used with the alkaline phosphatase substrate 5-Bromo- 4-Chloro-3-Indolyl phosphate (BCIP) in western blotting and immunohistological staining procedures.

6-Aminocaproic Acid inhibits the plasmin activating enzymes streptokinase, fibrinokinase and urokinase, it is an antifibrinolytic agent.

Bovine serum albumin, also known as BSA, is a serum albumin protein derived from cows and often used as a protein concentration standard in lab experiments.

Urea is usually used to solubilize and denature proteins.

Luminol is a chemical with chemiluminescence property, soluble in most polar organic solvents, insoluble in water. When mixed with an appropriate oxidizing agent, it emits a blue glow.

吐温20（Tween 20），又被称作聚山梨酯-20，一种源自山梨聚糖类酯的吐温类非离子型表面活性剂。这种水溶性的乳化剂通常被用作水包油（O/W）型乳化剂，以确保其他物质在溶液中均匀分散。