Gypenoside XLIX, a dammarane-type glycoside, is a prominent component of G. pentaphyllum. Gypenoside XLIX is a selective peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-alpha activator and inhibits cytokine-induced vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) overexpression and hyperactivity in human endothelial cells.

Gynostemma extract, a natural product isolated and purified from the herb of Gynostemma pentaphyllum (Thunb.) Makino., induces apoptosis in human hepatoma cells through the up-regulation of Bax and Bak, and down-regulation of Bcl-2, release of mitochondrial cytochrome c and activation of caspase cascade, induces ER stress and production of reactive oxygen species and Ca 2+ , changes the ratio of Bcl-2 and Bax, followed by the dysfunction of mitochondria, and causes cytochrome c release, activation of caspase-3 before leading to apoptosis.

Gypenoside A is a terpene compound isolated from gynostemma pentaphyllum.

Gypenoside XVII is a natural product.

Gypenoside L