Maohuoside A, a natural product isolated and purified from the roots of Epimedium brevicornu Maxim, seems to enhance the osteogenesis of rMSC and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells at least partly via the BMP and MAPK signaling pathways and bone morphogenetic protein signalling, respectively.

Anhydroicaritin是从 Boswellia carterii Birdware 中提取的，具有重要的生物学和药理学作用，如抗骨质疏松、雌激素调节和抗肿瘤特性。它能够改善牙周组织的降解，抑制糖尿病大鼠中 TNF-α 和 MMP-3 的合成与分泌。此外，β-Anhydroicaritin 还减少腹膜炎小鼠中 NO、IL-10、TNF-α、MCP-1 和 IL-6 的过量产生，并抑制细胞内 Ca²⁺ 的升高，显著降低 iNOS 蛋白的表达。

2''-O-Rhamnosylicariside II, a natural product isolated and purified from the herbs of Epimedium brevicornu, shows potent inhibitory activities on osteoclast-like cell formation at a concentration of 2 μM without toxic effects, and shows potent antioxidant activity, with IC50 values of 11.5 ug/mL and 90.5 uM.

Epimedin A is a natural compound extracted from Herba Epimedii.

Epimedin B is a natural product isolated and purified from the herbs of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim with potential activity against osteoporosis by stimulating osteoblasts.

Icariside I is a natural product isolated and purified from the herbs of Epimedium brevicornu.

Epmedin C has an effect similar to estrogene and stimulation of osteoblasts. Epmedin C is a natural flavonoid extract from Epimedium sagittatum.

Epimedoside A is a natural product isolated and purified from the herbs of Epimedium brevicornum Maxim with significant antioxidant activity in vitro.

Icariside E5, a natural product isolated and purified from the herbs of Epimedium brevicornu, may have antioxidant property that strengthen the importance of peppers in the Mediterranean diet.

Sagittatoside A is a natural compound isolated from traditional Chinese herb Yinyanghuo (Herba Epimdii).

Ikarisoside F is a flavonol glycoside from Vancouveria hexandra and can bind to AdoHcy hydrolase.

8,3'-Diprenylapigenin is a natural product isolated and purified from the herbs of Epimedium brevicornum.