Piperonyl butoxide is a semi-synthetic synergist for natural pyrethrum and synthetic pyrethroid insecticides in phytochemicals and biocides. Piperonyl butoxide is consequently a regular contaminant in stored grains, and subsequently in corresponding cereal food products and meat via feed uses[3]. Regarding multiple-T water maze performance at 10 weeks of age, no significant effect caused by PBO (Piperonyl Butoxide) treatment was observed. Exploratory behaviour examination of 8-week-old female mice indicated that the average speed declined in a significant dose-related manner, and the longitudinal pattern indicated a significant difference between the control and high-dose groups. For exploratory behaviour examination at 11 weeks of age, the total exploration distance shortened in a significant dose-related manner, and the average speed declined similarly. The PBO dose levels in this study produced several adverse effects on exploratory behaviour in female mice[4]. In addition, piperonyl butoxide activated c-Jun and ATF-2 in mouse hepatocytes during the early stage of hepatocarcinogenesis[5]. The inclusion of PBO along with emamectin significantly reduced resistant field populations of T. castaneum by at least 28% and the LC50 were lowered from 5.12 to 1.9 μg/ml with the highest synergism ration of 2.7 in resistant strain[6].
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