Ginkgolic Acid (C13:0) is a natural anticariogenic agent in that it exhibits antimicrobial activity against S. mutans and suppresses the specific virulence factors associated with its cariogenicity. Ginkgoneolic acid inhibited not only the growth of S. mutans planktonic cells at minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 4 μg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 8 μg/mL but also the acid production and adherence to saliva-coated hydroxyapatite of S. mutans at sub-MIC concentration. In addition, this agent was effective in inhibiting the biofilm formation of S. mutans (MBIC(50) = 4 μg/mL), and it reduced 1-day-developed biofilm of S. mutans by 50 % or more at low concentration (MBRC(50) = 32 μg/mL)[2]. GA (Ginkgolic Acid) inhibits Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) by inhibition of both fusion and viral protein synthesis. GA inhibits human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) genome replication and Zika virus (ZIKV) infection of normal human astrocytes (NHA). GA inhibits virion entry by blocking the initial fusion event[3]. Moreover, ginkgolic acid inhibited the proliferation, migration and invasion of SW480 colon cancer cells by inducing AMPK activation and inhibiting the expression of invasion-associated proteins[4]. Ginkgolic acid significantly reduced and reversed the ox-LDL(Oxidized low-density lipoprotein)-induced modulation, suggesting its anti-inflammatory effect via the NF-κB pathway[5].
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